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Evaluation of Success of National Geographic Information Infrastructure (NGII): User Satisfaction Perspective (A case in Nepal)
Last modified: 2016-06-02
Abstract
The multiplicity of dimensions of a National Geographic Information Infrastructure (NGII) makes a holistic evaluation an impracticable activity if not impossible. However, an NGII can be evaluated based on user satisfaction, which is a function of multiple factors that influence its users. The evaluation of Nepalese NGII from a user satisfaction perspective has been carried out by conceptualizing an evaluation framework that uses measurable indicators perceived by users and, finally validated statistically. Indicators were selected comparing user satisfaction indicators for information systems and key variables of SDI and finally verified in the field. An index was derived by integrating all of the measured satisfaction on weight assigned indicators is used to denote the level of success. It was found that the success level of NGII is below the “slightly satisfied level i.e. 1” although positive with an overall mean success index of 18% in comparison to the extremely satisfied conditions in an ideal case (100%). “Standard” was found as the only component of NGII which is quite satisfying, whereas highly weighed indicators such as effort applied for collaborative SDI and partnership, up-to-datedness of data, pricing revealed a negative satisfaction. Indicators like availability, accessibility, means of request and completeness are in a very low level of positive satisfaction. This framework, generated by synthesizing concepts of evaluation for user satisfaction, evaluates an NGII through perceptual means. The framework brings to the fore the aspects of NGII that need immediate attention relative to others so as to be able to push-up the overall success level. We conclude that the user satisfaction construct can be used to evaluate an NGII by comparing satisfaction on indicators and these indicators differ from SDI to SDI.
Keywords
spatial data infrastructure; information infrastructure; evaluation
References
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Bekkers, V. and Rebecca, M., Eds. (2006). Geographical Information System and the policy formulation process: The Emergence of a Reversed Mixed Scanning Mode? Information and Communication Technology and Public Innovation - Assessing the ICT-Driven Modernization of Public Administration, IOS Press Books Online.
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Campagna, M. and Deplano, G. (2004). "Evaluating geographic information provision within public administration websites " Planning and Design 31: 21- 37.
Carton, L. (2007). "Map making and map use in a multi-actor context: Spatial visualizations and frame conflicts in regional policymaking in the Netherlands." 357.
Chan, T. O., Feeney, M., Rajabifard, A. and Williamson, I. (2001). "The Dynamic Nature of Spatial Data Infrastructures: A Method of Descriptive Classification." Geomatica 55(1): 451- 462.
Chhatkuli, R. (2002). "National Geographic Information Infrastructure Programme to Support National Geographic Information System in Nepal." Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics 1: 49.
Chhatkuli, R. (2003). "Data dissemination , copy rights and pricing and institutional issues in the context of a national geographic information infrastructure and the role of Survey Department in Nepal." Workshop on "Role of Survey Department in the Context of NGII in Nepal". 9.
Chhatkuli, R. R. (2007). "From Cadastral Plan to Geographic Information Infrastructure: Fifty Years of Evolution Of Geo-Spatial Data Policy In Nepal." Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics 6(1): 125.
Chhatkuli, R. R. and Kayastha, D. M. (2005). Towards a National Geographic Information Infrastructure: Overcoming Impediments to the Development of SDI in Nepal. From Pharaohs to Geoinformatics, Cairo, Egypt, FIG.
Crompvoets, J., Bregt, A., Rajabifard, A. and Williamson, I. (2004). "Assessing the worldwide developments of national spatial data clearinghouses." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 18(7): 665-689.
Davoudi, S. (2006). "Evidence-based planning: Rhetoric and reality. disP." 165(2): 14-24.
Delgado, F. T. and Lance, K. T. (2005). "Assessing an SDI readiness index." In: FIG 2005 and GSDI-8 : proceedings of the FIG working week 2005 and 8th international conference on the global spatial data infrastructure (GSDI-8), 16-21 April 2005, Cairo, Egypt / Frederiksberg, International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), 2005. 10 pp.
DeLone, W. H. and McLean, E. R. (1992). "Information Systems Success: The Quest for the Dependent Variable." Information Systems Research 3(1): 60-95.
DeLone, W. H. and McLean, E. R. (2003). "DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: a ten - year update." Journal of management information systems, 19 (2003) 4, pp. 9-30.
Eelderink, L., Crompvoets, J. W. H. C. and de Man, W. H. E. (2006). "Towards key variables to access NSDI's in developing countries: Abstract." GSDI-9 : proceedings of the 9th Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Conference, 6-10 November 2006, Santiago, Chile. / GSDI, 2007. 2 p.
Eelderink, L., Crompvoets, J. W. H. C. and de Man, W. H. E. (2007). "Towards key variables to assess national spatial data infrastructures NSDIs in developing countries: Powerpoint." Presented at workshop Multi-view framework to assess national spatial data infrastructures, Wageningen University, 23-25 May 2007, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 18 slides.
Fernández, T. D. and Crompvoets, J. (2008). "Evaluating Spatial Data Infrastructures in the Caribbean for sustainable development." Proceedings of GSDI-10 Conference.
Gelderman, M. (1998). "The relation between user satisfaction, usage of information systems and performance." Information and Management 34(1): 11-18.
Georgiadou, P. Y., Rodriquez-Pabon, O. and Lance, K. T. (2006). "SDI and e - governance: A quest for appropriate evaluation approaches." URISA journal: journal of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association 18(2).
Georgiadou, Y. and Stoter, J. (2008). Toward a Social Agenda for SDI Evaluation, To be published., International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation: 11.
González, A. (2007). "Assessing integrated information systems as a strategic tool to support sustainable development in British local government: the geographic information systems (GIS) case." Revista Chilena de Economía y Sociedad 1(2): 89-114.
Goodhue, D. L. (1995). "Understanding User Evaluations of Information Systems." Management Science, JSTOR 41(12): 1827-1844.
Groenendijk, E. M. C. and Dopheide, E. J. M. (2003). Planning and management tools. Enschede, ITC.
Groot, R. e. and McLaughlin, J. e. (2000). Geospatial data infrastructure : concepts, cases and good practice. Oxford etc., Oxford University Press.
Grus, L., Crompvoets, J., Bregt, A., Fernandez, T. D. and van Loenen, B. (2007). "Application of Multi-view framework to assess National Spatial Data Infrastructures." Retrieved December 06, 2008, from http://www.ec-gis.org/Workshops/inspire_2008/presentations/09_03_Grus.pdf.
GSDI (2004). "Developing Spatial Data Infrastructures:The SDI Cookbook, Version." 171.
Gupta, V. (1999). SPSS for Beginners. V. Gupta, VJBooks Inc.
Halsing, D., Theissen, K. K. and Bernknopf, R. (2006). "A cost-benefit analysis of The National Map." Retrieved August 5, 2008, 2008, from http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/1271/.
Hanes, L. F. and Kriebel, C. H. (1978). Research on Productivity Measurement Systems for Administrative Services: Computing and Information Services. Pittsburgh, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Research and Development Center.
Henderson, J. C. and Venkatraman, N. (1999). "Strategic alignment: Leveraging information technology for transforming organisation." IBM Systems 38(2&3): 472-484.
Homburg, V. (2008). Understanding e - government. London etc., Routledge.
Ives, B., Oslon, M. H. and Baroudi, J. J. (1983). "The measurement of user information satisfaction." communication of the ACM 26(10): 785 - 793.
Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P. (1996). Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action. Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Press.
Kayastha, D. M. and Chhatkuli, R. R. (2005). Survey Department and the Context of Geographical Information Infrastructures. Colloquium on the role and functions of Survey Department in the Context of Broader Technological Development, Kathmandu, Nepal, Survey Department
King, W. R. and Epstein, B. J. (1983). "Assessing Information System Value." Decision Sciences 14(1): 43-51.
Klecun, E. and Cornford, T. (2005). "Critical approach to evaluation." European journal of information systems: an official journal of the Operational Research S†14(3).
Kok , B. and van Loenen, B. (2004). "How to assess the success of National Spatial Data Infrastructures?" Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 29: 699-71.
Lahmeyer International (2005). Final Report. Kathmandu, Population and Housing Census 2001: Mapping Component: 218.
Lance, K. T., Georgiadou, P. Y. and Bregt, A. (2006). "Understanding how and why practitioners evaluate SDI performance." International journal of spatial data infrastructures research : IJSDIR 1.
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). "A quantitative approach to content validity." Personnel Psychology 28: 563-575.
Malone, N. P. (1990). "A Theoretical Assessment of the User-Satisfaction Construct in Information Systems Research." Management Science, JSTOR 36(1): 76-91.
Meuter, L., Ostrom, A., Roundtree, R. and Bitner, M. (2000). "Self-service technologies: Understanding Customer Satisfaction with technology-based service encounters." Journal of Marketing. [Internet] 64(July): pp. 50-64.
Molla, A. and Licker, P. S. (2001). "E-commerce System: An attempt to extend and respecify the Delone and Maclean Model of IS success." Journal of electronic commerce research 2(4): 131-141.
Moore, D. S. and McCabe, G. P. (1993). Introduction to the practice of statistics. New York, Freeman.
Nebert, D. D. e. (2004). "Developing spatial data infrastructures GSDI : the SDI cookbook : version 2.0." from http://www.ikg.uni-hannover.de/lehre/katalog/amtliche_gis/cookbookV2.0_Gliederung.pdf
Nedovic-Budic, Z., Feeney, M., Rajabifard, A. and Williamson, I. (2001). "Are SDIs serving the needs of local planning? Case studies of Victoria, Australia and Illinois, USA." Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management.
NGIIP. (2008). "National geographic Information Infrastructure Program." Retrieved 11 December, 2008, from http://www.ngiip.gov.np/index.php.
NPC (2001). Information Technology for Development- IT Policy and Strategy Papers for Nepal. N. National Planning Commission. Kathmandu, Nepal.
NPC (2002) The tenth five-year plan of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal. Volume, DOI:
NRC. (1993). "Toward a Coordinated Spatial Data Infrastructure for the Nation." from http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2105.
NRC. (2002). "Down to Earth: Geographical Information for Sustainable Development in Africa." from http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10455.
Onsrud, H. J. ( 1998). "A global survey of national spatial data infrastructure activities."
Osgood, C. E. (1962). "Studies on the Generality of Affective Meaning Systems." American Psychologist 17(1): 10-28.
Puri, S., Sundeep, S. and Georgiadou, P. Y. (2007). "metaphor - based socio - technical perspective of SDI implementations : some lessons from India." In: Research and theory in advancing spatial data infrastructures concepts / H.J. Onsrud. Redlands : ESRI, 2007. ISBN 978-1-58948-162-6. pp. 161-173.
Radwan, M. M., Onchaga, R. and Morales, J. M. (2001). structural approach to the management of optimization of geoinformation processes. Frankfurt am Main, Institut für angewandte Geodäsie.
Rajabifard, A. (2006). "Developing National SDIs: Understanding the Main Challenges and Issues " Retrieved 3 December, 2008, from http://www.grs.wur.nl/UK/Workshops/Exploring+Spatial+Data+Infrastructures/Program/.
Rajabifard, A., Feeney, M. and Williamson, I. (2002). "Future Directions for SDI Development." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 4: 11-22.
Rajabifard, A. and Williamson, I. (2002). Key Factors Influencing Regional SDI Development and Relevance to Global and other Levels. Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Conference, Budapest, Hungary, GSDI6.
Rajabifard, A. and Williamson, I. P. (2003). Asia-Pacific Region And SDI Activities. Journal of GIS Development. 7: 1-10.
Sanzo, M. J., Santos, M. L., Vazquez, R. and Alvarez, L. I. (2003). "The effect of market orientation on buyer-seller relationship satisfaction." Industrial Marketing Management 32: 327–345.
Sapkota, B. N. (1997). "Building Partnership Reforms in the Nepalese Bureaucracy." Asian Review of Public Administration VIX(1).
Selhofer, K. and Steudler, D. (1998). Swiss Cadastral Surveying and New Public Management. FIG Conference Brighton 1998, Commission 7,, Cadastre and Land Management, Special Session 31, FIG, Commission 7.
Shukla, D. (2005). Modernizing Bureaucracy through E-Governance in Nepal Global Blues and Sustainable Development: The Emerging Challenges for Bureaucracy, Technology and Governance, University of South Florida, International Political Science Association (IPSA) Research Committee 4.
Spiegel, M. R. and Stephens, L. J. (1999). Schaum's outline of theory and problems of statistics. New York etc., McGraw Hill.
Steudler, D., Rajabifard, A. and Williamson, I. P. (2004). "Evaluation of land administration systems." Land Use Policy 21(4): 371-380.
Steudler, D. and Williamson, I. P. (2002). A framework for benchmarking land administration systems. FIG XXII International Congress, Washington, FIG.
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